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Cloudy water may be a sign of unsafe
contaminants.
Pixel-Shot/Shutterstock
Our senses are valuable tool when looking for contaminants in
drinking water.
Water that’s safe to drink should ideally be clear with no odor
or funny taste.
If your tap water tastes metallic, smells fishy, or comes out
cloudy, it could signal the presence of unsafe contaminants.
Visit Business Insider’s homepage for more stories.
When residents of Flint, Michigan, turned on their taps back in
2014, they encountered an unpleasant brown sludge that tasted like
metal. The discolored liquid was an early sign that something was
amiss with the city’s water supply, which had recently been
switched from the Detroit Water and Sewerage Department to the
Flint River.
The new water source had corroded the city’s aging pipes,
allowing toxic levels of lead to seep into residents’ drinking
water. What followed was one of the worst health disasters in US
history, wherein around 10,000 residents were effectively poisoned
in their own homes.
Read more: California’s contaminated
drinking water could lead to nearly 15,500 cancer cases over the
course of a lifetime. Here’s how worried you should be.
The crisis, though an extreme example of water contamination,
wasn’t a one-off occurrence. Every year, millions of Americans get
their drinking water from a source that violates the standards of
the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
The best way to tell exactly what’s in our water is to have it
professionally tested, but there are a few ways to screen for
contaminants using our senses.
Here are some signs that your tap water might not be safe to
drink.
A
good rule of thumb is to check for cloudiness.
HuffPost
Water that’s safe to drink should ideally be clear with no odor
or funny taste. One way to tell if water is contaminated is to look
for turbidity, or cloudiness. While cloudy water isn’t necessarily
dangerous to your health, it could signal the presence of unsafe
pathogens or chemicals.
Also
check to see if your hands feel slimy after washing them with soap
and water.
Shutterstock
When Flint residents first detected signs that their drinking
water was contaminated, they noticed it was “harder” than the water
they usually drank.
Hard water is often characterized by a buildup of substances
like calcium or magnesium, which can leave deposits on your sink,
faucet, or drinking glass. It might also be the reason why your
hands feel slimy after washing them with soap and water, or you
have to use more laundry detergent to clean your clothes.
Hard water isn’t a sure-fire sign that your water source is
contaminated — in some cases, it’s caused by an excess of
calcium or magnesium, which shouldn’t pose any harm — but it might
be an indicator of metals like aluminium, manganese, and lead.
Yellow, orange, or brown water is never a good sign.
KariDesign/Shutterstock
Yellow water could signal the presence of chromium -6, the
cancer-causing chemical that resulted in a lawsuit filed by
clean water advocate Erin Brockovich. It might also be a sign of a
buildup of iron, manganese, copper, or lead. If your water comes
from a public system, check to see whether the yellow tint only
appears while running cold water, which could be a sign that your
utility is simply clearing out its pipes.
Water that’s orange or brown could also contain excess iron,
manganese, or lead, or signal the presence of rust, which can breed
bacteria.
Water
tinged with green or blue could contain elevated levels of
copper.
Yulia Naumenko/Shutterstock
Blue or green water is often a sign of elevated levels of copper
caused by corroded pipes. Though copper isn’t bad for you in small
doses, high levels of exposure can produce health problems such as
anemia and liver and kidney damage.
If
your water smells like bleach, be wary of excess chlorine.
cunaplus/Shutterstock
Chlorine is deliberately added to the US water supply to kill
germs and pathogens, but when it mixes with other organic compounds
it can create a few harmful byproducts.
One of these byproducts, a group of chemicals known as
trihalomethanes (THMs), has been linked tokidney
problemsandincreased cancer risk. Another, known as haloacetic
acids (HAAs), causes skin irritation and could alsoincrease cancer
risk.
Low levels of chlorine in the water system can also expose
people to aparasite calledgiardiathat causes diarrhea, cramps, and
nausea.
Water that smells like bleach could be a sign of excess chlorine
in your local system.
The
smell of rotten eggs means your water could contain hydrogen
sulfide.
Vassamon Anansukkasem/shutterstock
Water that smells like sewage or rotten eggs could contain
hydrogen sulfide, a colorless gas that can naturally occur in
groundwater. When this gas is exposed to certain bacteria, it
converts into sulfate, which can cause dehydration or
diarrhea.
If
water smells fishy, it could be a sign of barium or cadmium.
Tina Gutierrez/Shutterstock
Fishy-smelling water could signal an excess of barium, a
naturally-occurring chemical that can seep into a water supply
through drilling or manufacturing. When barium is present above the
EPA’s recommended levels, it could cause increased blood pressure,
muscle weakness, or kidney, liver, and heart damage.
Water that smells fishy might also contain cadmium, a chemical
found in lead and copper ores, which often leaches into pipes
through industrial waste. Exposure to elevated levels of cadmium in
drinking water can cause kidney, liver, and bone damage.
One helpful way to check if your water is safe is to pour a
glass from the tap and move to another room. After swirling the
water around, if it still smells like fish, it could mean that
contaminants are present.
A
metallic taste could signal the presence of excess iron or
copper.
cano4646/Shutterstock
Rusty pipes can release metals like iron, manganese, zinc,
copper, and lead into local water supplies, giving the liquid a
metallic, or salty, taste. This foul flavor helped alert Flint
residents to the presence of lead in their drinking water, but in
some cases it’s merely a sign of a low pH.
Other
contaminants are invisible.
Brett Carlsen/Getty Images
A number of contaminants, including arsenic and nitrates, are
hidden to the naked eye. In many cases, a single drinking water
system will contain more than one hazardous chemical, making it
difficult for individuals to evaluate the overall health
risk.
“We’re never exposed to just one agent,” said Jamie DeWitt, an
associate toxicology professor at East Carolina University.
DeWitt said even a reverse osmosis system — the one recommended
by Erin Brockovich — can trap contaminated water in its filters.
Though she uses a filtration system in her own home, she said it’s
mostly to remove the bad taste of chlorination byproducts.
Her main advice is to know your water source and read water
quality reports from your local utility — even before you smell,
taste, or see something bad.
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